Treadmill resistance training apparatus

ABSTRACT

Methods and apparatus are provided for monitoring plasma parameters in plasma doping systems. A plasma doping system includes a plasma doping chamber, a platen located in the plasma doping chamber for supporting a workpiece, an anode spaced from the platen in the plasma doping chamber, a process gas source coupled to the plasma doping chamber, a pulse source for applying pulses between the platen and the anode, and a plasma monitor. A plasma containing ions of the process gas is produced in a plasma discharge region between the anode and the platen. The pulses accelerate ions from the plasma into the workpiece. The plasma monitor may include a sensing device which senses a spatial distribution of a plasma parameter, such as plasma density, that is indicative of dose distribution of ions implanted into the workpiece.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to resistance training exercise apparatus mounted to walking exercise equipment such as treadmills.

BACKGROUND

Home exercise machines are widespread. Some machines provide aerobic exercise, such as treadmills and other “cardio machines.” Some machines provide strength training such as weight machines and resistance machines using elastic straps or resistance gears. Examples include such suppliers as BOWFLEX™ and NAUTILUS™. These machines have drawbacks, however. These machines are essentially single purpose—they provide either a cardio workout or a strength workout, but can't provide for both in the same footprint. Most people have limited space in their home or office to store and use exercise equipment and don't have room for both a cardio machine and a strength machine. These machines can also be quite expensive. The cost of purchasing a stand-alone cardio machine and a stand-alone strength machine can be prohibitive for many.

Adding strength exercises to aerobic exercise machines such as treadmills substantially increases the intensity of the cardiovascular workout when both are used simultaneously. During tests, the inventors have found that adding strength exercises may increase cardiovascular activity and calories burned by up to a third compared to the same treadmill speed and inclination without strength exercises. However, current machines providing some measure of upper body work with a treadmill lack flexibility. They are unable to adjust for users of different heights and widths. They are unable to adjust to work both upper and lower torso muscle groups during treadmill use, and they are unable to adjust to provide a pure strength workout without the treadmill motion—such as bench press and squat lifts. Additionally, existing machines which use rigid arm extensions create a constrained range of motion which can lead to a less effective workout, reduced flexibility or even injury over time. Rigid arm extensions cause the user to shift from side to side when operating them while walking on a treadmill. Providing offset handles with some rotational range of motion greatly alleviates this problem because the handle will follow the hand and arm's natural path rather than forcing the hand and arm to track a straight path back and forth.

Additionally, existing combination machines do not provide the ability to rotate the strength training mechanisms completely out of the way to provide unfettered use of the treadmill treadway or to allow folding treadmills to fold up completely for stowage. Again, this lack of flexibility creates significant footprint problems that discourage people from purchasing and/or use exercise equipment. Nor do existing machines provide simple means to adjust resistance levels.

Thus, there is a need for an apparatus combining the benefits of simultaneous strength training and cardio workouts within a compact footprint, and providing simple means to achieve full natural ranges of motion and adjustable resistance levels. Such a machine should also be able to accommodate basic strength training exercises separately from the treadmill cardio work as well.

SUMMARY AND ADVANTAGES

A treadmill resistance training apparatus including left side and right side units, each having a vertical support with adjustable base connector and upper connector to couple to a treadmill, a riser to receive a rotational coupling and resistance arm, one or more resistance elements coupled between movable connectors on the resistance arm and an anchor point; an adjustable handle coupled to the resistance arm by an articulation joint, wherein the adjustable handle is selectively adjustable rotationally and lengthwise at a plurality of selectable fixed or dynamic positions. The apparatus may include a locking hinge mechanism to rotate the resistance arms between deployed and stowed position for unhindered access to the treadmill. The apparatus may include power actuated adjustment mechanisms to adjust resistance levels by adjusting the movable resistance element connectors. The apparatus includes a treadmill with left and right side units coupled to the treadmill.

A treadmill resistance training apparatus as described herein presents numerous advantages: (1) it may be provided installed on a treadmill or augmented to an existing treadmill; (2) it supports a wide variety of strength and cardio exercises on a single machine without significant added footprint; (3) it provides a higher intensity workout than achievable on a treadmill alone; (4) it provides the ability to rotate the resistance arms out of the way of the treadmill for unencumbered access to the treadway or to fold a folding treadmill; (5) it provides means to easily adjust resistance levels without the need to reconfigure resistance elements; (6) it provides a more balanced torque load on moving parts by mounting resistance elements on opposing sides of a resistance arm; (7) an articulation joint provides a much wider range of motion to accommodate different size persons and different muscle groups; (8) an adjustable handle provides easy adjustment of both width and length; (9) an adjustable handle provides for limited rotation during use to allow more natural movements; (10) height adjustment accommodates different size persons and different muscle groups; (11) adaptable upper and lower connectors permit mounting to virtually any treadmill.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated into and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate one or more embodiments of the present invention and, together with the detailed description, serve to explain the principles and implementations of the invention.

FIG. 1 shows a rear perspective view of a first embodiment of the invention being used for combined cardio and strength training.

FIG. 2 shows a side perspective view of a first embodiment of the invention being used for strength training from a supine position.

FIG. 3 shows a side perspective view of a first embodiment of the invention being used for strength training from a supine position.

FIG. 4 shows close up overhead perspective view of a first embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 5 shows a close up view of an adjustable handle of a first embodiment locked in a fixed position.

FIG. 6 shows a close up view of an adjustable handle of a first embodiment locked in a dynamic position.

FIG. 7 shows a front perspective view of a second embodiment of the invention in the deployed position.

FIG. 8 shows a front perspective view of a second embodiment of the invention with one side in a partially rotated position.

FIG. 9 shows a front perspective view of a second embodiment of the invention with one side in a stowed position.

FIG. 10 shows a front perspective view of a second embodiment of the invention with both sides in a stowed position and the treadmill treadway folding up to stowed position.

FIG. 11 shows a close up view of a left side of a second embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 12 shows a close up view of a left side of a second embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 13 shows a close up view of a vertical support upper adjustable connector of a second embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 14 shows a cutaway side view of third embodiment of the invention.

REFERENCE NUMBERS FOR DRAWINGS

The following list of reference numbers used in the Detailed Description and Drawings is provided for convenience:

-   10 Left Unit -   12 Right Unit -   100 First Embodiment -   102 Vertical Support -   110 Adjustable Base Connector -   112 First Base Connector Leg -   114 Second Base Connector Leg -   116 First Compression Member -   118 Lower Slot -   120 Second Compression Member -   122 Third Compression Member -   124 Upper Slot -   126 Adjustable Base Unit Sleeve -   128 Adjustable Base Unit Index Holes -   130 Riser Portion -   132 Adjustable Upper Connector -   134 Clamp Portion -   136 Clamp First Member -   138 Clamp Second Member -   140 Clamp Compression Member -   142 First Clamp Member Adjustment Slot -   144 Threaded Fastener -   146 Second Clamp Member Adjustment Slot -   148 Rotational Coupling Connector -   150 Rotational Coupling -   152 Rotational Axis -   154 Resistance Arm -   156 Resistance Arm First End -   158 Resistance Arm Second End -   160 First Resistance Element Connector -   162 First Resistance Element Connector Locking Mechanism -   164 First Resistance Element First Connection Point -   166 Finger Clamp -   168 Second Resistance Element Second Connection Point -   170 Finger Clamp -   172 Resistance Arm Index Holes -   174 Resistance Element -   176 Resistance Element First Connection End -   178 Resistance Element Second Connection End -   180 Resistance Element Anchor -   182 Finger Clamp -   184 Resistance Element -   186 Resistance Element -   188 Second Resistance Element First Connection Point -   190 Finger Clamp -   192 Second Resistance Element Second Connection Point -   194 Finger Clamp -   196 Resistance Arm Stop -   198 Flexible Strap First End -   200 Flexible Strap Second End -   202 Second Resistance Element Connector -   206 Articulation Joint -   208 Index Plate -   210 Indexing Holes -   212 Indexing Hole Pin -   214 Compression Member -   216 Adjustable Handle -   218 Handle First Part -   220 Handle Second Part -   222 Offset Grip Portion -   224 Interface Region -   226 Handle Locking Mechanism -   228 Handle Locking Mechanism Pin -   230 Rotational Coupling Connector Bolts -   232 Rotational Coupling Connector Spacers -   234 Riser Upper End -   236 Riser Portion Receiving Holes -   238 Rotational Coupling Connector Anchor Plate -   240 Riser Locking Pin -   242 Handle Locking Mechanism Close Apertures -   244 Handle Locking Mechanism Slotted Apertures -   246 Index Plate Receiving Hole -   248 Handle First Part First End -   250 Receiving Channel -   252 First Side Arm -   254 Second Side Arm -   256 First Side Arm Receiving Hole -   258 Second Side Arm Receiving Hole -   260 First Side Arm Index Pin Receiving Hole -   262 Second Side Arm Index Pin Receiving Hole -   264 Riser Portion Lower End -   1000 Second Embodiment -   1110 Adjustable Base Connector -   1112 First Base Plate -   1114 Second Base Plate -   1116 Threaded Compression Member -   1120 Threaded Compression Member -   1122 Threaded Compression Member -   1124 Slot -   1126 Base Connector Sleeve Portion -   1130 Riser Portion -   1132 Upper Connector -   1134 Clamp Portion -   1136 Clamp First Member -   1138 Clamp Second Member -   1140 Clamp Compression Member -   1142 Clamp Adjustment Slot -   1144 Clamp Threaded Fasteners -   1148 Rotational Coupling Connector -   1150 Rotational Coupling -   1152 Fulcrum Point -   1154 Resistance Arm -   1156 Resistance Arm First End -   1158 Resistance Arm Second End -   1160 First Resistance Element Connector -   1162 First Resistance Element Connector Locking Mechanism -   1164 First Resistance Element First Connection Point -   1166 Finger Clamp -   1168 Second Resistance Element Second Connection Point -   1170 Finger Clamp -   1174 Resistance Element -   1180 Resistance Element Anchor -   1184 Resistance Element -   1186 Resistance Element -   1188 Second Resistance Element First Connection Point -   1190 Finger Clamp -   1192 Second Resistance Element Second Connection Point -   1194 Finger Clamp -   1196 Resistance Arm Stop -   1198 Flexible Strap First End -   1200 Flexible Strap Second End -   1202 Second Resistance Element Connector -   1204 Second Resistance Element Connector Locking Mechanism -   1206 Articulation Joint -   1216 Adjustable Handle -   1218 Handle First Part -   1220 Handle Second Part -   1222 Offset Grip Portion -   1224 Handle Interface Region -   1226 Handle Locking Mechanism -   1228 Locking Pin -   1230 Handle Index Holes -   1234 Riser portion upper end -   1236 Riser Portion Index Holes -   1266 Hinge Connector -   1268 Hinge Safety Pin -   1270 Hinge Mounting Bracket -   1272 Mounting Bracket Holes -   1274 Threaded Compression Members -   1276 Upper Hinge Plate -   1278 Lower Hinge Plate -   1280 Mounting Bracket Spine -   1282 Hinge Axle -   1284 Hinge axle First End -   1286 Hinge axle Second End -   1288 Hinge Post -   1290 Hinge Arm -   1292 Hinge Arm Distal End -   1294 Hinge Post First End -   1296 Hinge Post Second End -   1298 Hinge Post Locking Pin Receiving Hole -   1300 Hinge Post Top Flange -   1302 Hinge Index Holes -   1304 Hinge Index Pin -   1306 Hinge Locking Pin Receiving Hole -   1310 Upper Connector Articulation Joint -   1312 Index Plate -   1314 Center Receiving Hole -   1316 Index Holes -   1318 Coupling Member First End -   1320 Retaining Bolt -   1322 Coupling Member Second End -   1324 Coupling Member Index Hole -   1326 Index locking pin -   1328 Coupling Member -   1330 Gripping Protrusions -   2000 Third Embodiment -   2106 Articulated Joint -   2130 Riser Portion -   2132 Upper Connector -   2150 Rotational Coupler -   2154 Resistance Arm -   2156 Resistance Arm First End -   2158 Resistance Arm Second End -   2160 First Movable Resistance Element Connector -   2174 Resistance Element -   2180 Resistance Element Anchor -   2184 Resistance Element -   2202 Second Movable Resistance Element Connector -   2266 Hinge Connector -   2270 Hinge Mounting Bracket -   2304 Hinge Indexing Pin -   2402 First Power Actuated Resistance Adjustment Mechanism -   2404 Second Power Actuated Resistance Adjustment Mechanism -   2406 Controller and Power Supply -   2408 Power and Control Cable -   2410 Air Compressor -   2412 Pneumatic Tubing -   2414 Pneumatic Tubing -   2416 First Electro-pneumatically Actuated Piston -   2418 Pneumatic Tubing -   2420 Pneumatic Tubing -   2422 Second Electro-pneumatically Actuated Piston -   2424 First Piston Rod -   2426 First Universal Joint -   2428 Second Piston Rod -   2430 Second Universal Joint

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Before beginning a detailed description of the subject invention, mention of the following is in order. When appropriate, like reference materials and characters are used to designate identical, corresponding, or similar components in differing figure drawings. The figure drawings associated with this disclosure typically are not drawn with dimensional accuracy to scale, i.e., such drawings have been drafted with a focus on clarity of viewing and understanding rather than dimensional accuracy.

In the interest of clarity, not all of the routine features of the implementations described herein are shown and described. It will, of course, be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made in order to achieve the developer's specific goals, such as compliance with application- and business-related constraints, and that these specific goals will vary from one implementation to another and from one developer to another. Moreover, it will be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time-consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking of engineering for those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.

For ease of reference a common identification system is used herein for describing the disclosed embodiments. An exercise treadmill as used in this Specification is defined to include a treadway, which the exerciser walks upon during use, a front end, which is the end the exerciser faces when walking forward, and a back end, which is open for the exerciser to enter the treadmill. A treadmill generally includes left and right support columns or a centrally mounted support column. A treadmill generally includes a base or frame which rests on the floor through leveling feet and supports the rest of the treadmill apparatus.

The invention disclosed includes mirror image left-side and right-side units for an exercise treadmill. “Mirror-image” includes where the components of the left and right-side units are actually identical and interchangeable. For clarity, in this Specification, description is provided referring to a single unit, with the understanding that the opposite side-unit is the same.

Referring to FIGS. 1-6, a first embodiment is shown. A treadmill resistance training apparatus 100 having mirror image left and right units 10 and 12, respectively, is coupled to a treadmill T having a treadway, a forward end F, an aft end A, a frame support F coupling treadmill T to the ground, and an upper portion U providing user interface controls and railing supports. Each of units 10 and 12 includes a vertical support 102 having an adjustable base connector 110 to couple vertical support 102 to treadmill frame F, a riser portion 130 coupled to and extending upward from the base connector 110, and an adjustable upper connector 132 to couple the vertical support 102 to the treadmill upper portion U; a rotational coupling connector 148 connecting a rotational coupling 150 to the riser portion 130; a rotational coupling 150 mounted to the rotational coupling connector 148 such that the rotational axis 152 of the rotational coupling 150 is approximately horizontal; a resistance element anchor 180 coupled to the riser portion 130; an elongated resistance arm 154 having opposing first and second ends 156 and 158, respectively, the resistance arm 154 coupled to the rotational coupling 150 at a fulcrum point 152 between the resistance arm first and second ends 156, 158; a first resistance element connector 160 movably coupled to the resistance arm 154 between the rotational coupling 150 connection and the first end 156 of the resistance arm 154 and including a resistance element connector locking mechanism 162 to lock the first resistance element connector 160 at user selectable positions along the resistance arm 154; one or more resistance elements 174, 184 and 186, connectable between the resistance element anchor 180 and the first resistance element connector 160; an adjustable handle 216; and, an articulation joint 206 coupling the handle 216 to the resistance arm first end 156 at a plurality of user selected angles.

In the embodiment, the height of the rotational coupling connector 148 along the riser portion 130 is user adjustable. Rotational coupling connector 148 includes a pair of connector bolts 230 bolted into receiving holes 236 along riser portion 130 through spacers 232, which anchor plate 238. The height of coupling connector 148, and therefore fulcrum point 152, can be adjusted without affecting the installation of the unit 10 to the treadmill by simply selecting different receiving holes 236 for attachment. Riser portion 130 is coupled to adjustable base connector 110 at an adjustable height. Riser portion 130 fits slidably into sleeve portion 126 of adjustable base connector 110, so a user can move it up or down and lock it in place by inserting pin 240 into index holes 128 and through a corresponding riser receiving hole 236. In the embodiment, resistance element anchor 180 is coupled to riser portion 130 separately from rotational coupling connector 148 and so must be moved independently.

In the embodiment, adjustable base connector 110 includes first and second parallel base legs 112 and 114 which straddle a part of frame F to compress the part and couple base connector 110 to frame F and to the floor. First compression member 116 passes under frame F and is adjusted within lower slot 118 (and a corresponding slot in leg 114, not visible) to abut upwardly against frame F to carry at least some of the weight of treadmill T, so that base connector 110 is more firmly coupled to the ground. First compression member 116, with second and third compression members 120 and 122 passing above frame F, firmly compress frame F between connector legs 112 and 114, and pass through receiving holes in sleeve portion 126, to firmly engage adjustable base connector 110 to frame F. In the embodiment, compression members 116, 120 and 122 are threaded connectors. Upper slot 124 (and a corresponding slot in leg 114, not visible) provides adjustment to provide height adjustment for base connector 110 and to displace compression member 122 for greater resistance to twisting.

In the embodiment, adjustable upper connector 132 includes a clamp portion 134 to clamp against a part of the treadmill upper portion U. Clamp portion 134 includes first and second opposing L-shaped clamp members 136 and 138, which are nested so that member 136 slides within member 138 when compression member 140 is tightened, and retained in alignment by threaded fastener 144 extending through a riser portion receiving hole 236 and adjustment slots 142 in first member 136 and 146 in second member 138. Fastener 144 connecting through receiving hole 236 and clamp member slots 142 and 146 allows a user to extend the length of and select the optimum for upper connector 132 to couple vertical support 110 to treadmill upper portion U. This articulation joint, allowing rotation in a selected plane, provides great flexibility to integrate a standard unit to virtually any treadmill design, including those with only a horizontal rail extending around without left and right vertical posts.

In the embodiment, first resistance element connector 160 is a short sleeve fitting slidably over resistance arm 154, with a spring loaded locking pin 162 engagable with index holes 172 along at least a portion of the length of resistance arm 154. Moving the resistance element connection point linearly along resistance arm 154 varies the resistance experienced by the user by changing the moment arm imposed by the resistance elements created by the distance between the connection point on connector 160 and fulcrum point 152. The moment arm imposed by the user remains essentially constant if the user grips handle 216 at the same location.

A second resistance element connector 202 is coupled to resistance arm 154 between rotational coupling 150 and second end 158 of the resistance arm 154, in this case actually mounted over second end 158, but is not movable. One or more resistance elements 174, 184 and 186 are connectable between resistance element anchor 180 and the second resistance element connector 202.

In the embodiment, first and second resistance element connectors 160 and 202 include opposing first and second resistance element connection points 164, 168 and 188, 192, respectively, disposed on left and right sides of resistance arm 154. In the embodiment connection points 164, 168, 188 and 192 are projections, with finger clamps 166, 170, and 190, 194, respectively, preventing resistance elements from slipping off. Providing connection points on opposing sides of arm 154 reduces twisting torque on arm 154, handle 216, and rotational coupling 150.

In the embodiment, resistance arm stop 196 is provided, consisting of a flexible strap coupling at a first end 198 to second resistance element connector 188 and at a second end 200 to anchor 180 on riser portion 130, so as to prevent resistance arm 154 from rotating beyond a selected point in one direction. Stop 196 may be shifted to first resistance element connector 160 to prevent resistance arm 154 from over rotating in the opposite direction.

In the embodiment, resistance elements 174, 184 and 186 are identical, so only element 174 is described in detail. Resistance element 174 is symmetrical and includes a first connection end 176 and a second connection end 178 which engage either anchor 180 or a connection point such as 164. In the embodiment, resistance elements 174, 184, and 186 are bands or straps of elastomeric materials, but other resistance elements could be used, such as springs, pneumatic pistons or similar mechanisms.

Referring again to FIGS. 1-6, and especially to FIGS. 5 and 6, an adjustable handle 216 coupled to resistance arm 154 by articulation joint 206 is shown. In the embodiment, handle 216 includes a first part 218 coupled to articulated joint 206 and a second part 220 including an offset grip portion 222. Handle second part 220 slidably and rotatably connects to handle first part 218 along an interface region 224, the interface region being the region in which the handle parts overlap or intersect each other. Handle locking mechanism 226 allows a user to selectively lock handle second portion 220 at a selected fixed or selected dynamic position relative to the handle first part 218. In the embodiment handle locking mechanism 226 includes a spring loaded pin 228 mounted to handle first part 218 within interface region 224; and, an alternating pattern of close fitting apertures 242 and transverse slotted apertures 244 disposed along the length and circumference of second handle part 220 within interface region 224 to receive pin 228. Pin and apertures could be swapped between handle first and second parts as well. When pin 228 is received in a selected close fitting aperture 242 the handle first and second parts 218 and 220 are locked relative to each other, both rotationally and lengthwise, providing a “fixed” locking position as shown in FIG. 5. When pin 228 is received in a selected transverse slotted aperture 244 the handle first and second parts 218 and 220 are prevented from sliding longitudinally or lengthwise relative to each other but have limited coaxial rotational movement relative to each other, thereby providing a “dynamic” locked position as shown in FIG. 6. Providing both lengthwise and rotation adjustment, combined with the offset grip portion 222, accommodates users of any size, from skinny to wide, and allows users to isolate different muscle groups by widening or narrowing their grip. Selecting a dynamic locked position provides limited rotational movement for the offset grip portion 222 to orbit around the main longitudinal axis of handle 216, allowing freer movement of the arms to building strength in supporting muscles and tendons for a better overall workout. Reference to offset grip portion 222 does not imply that this is the only area where a user can grip handle 216. Rather, a user may grip handle 216 anywhere that is convenient.

In the embodiment, articulation joint 206 couples handle 216 to resistance arm 154. Articulation joint 206 includes an index plate 208 rigidly coupled to resistance arm first end 156 and having a receiving hole 246 to receive threaded compression member 214 there through and a plurality of angle indexing holes 210 distributed around receiving hole 246 at selected angular offsets. Handle first part 218 includes a first end 248 with a channel 250 forming opposing side arms 252 and 254 to receive index plat 208, with receiving holes 256 and 258 to align with receiving hole 246 and index pin receiving holes 260, 262 to align with indexing holes 210. Handle first part 218 extends to a second end 264 which engages with handle second part 220. Threaded compression member 214 is loosened to permit rotation to a selected angle, then tightened to compress opposing side arms 252 and 254 against index plate 208 and index pin 212 inserted through index pin receiving holes 260 and 262 aligned with indexing holes 210 to lock handle 216 at the desired angle relative to resistance arm 254.

Referring to FIGS. 8-13, a second embodiment 1000 is shown which is similar in many ways to the first described embodiment 100, and so described in less detail. In a second embodiment, left and right side units 1002 and 1004, respectively, are provided which are mirror images of each other and so a single description is provided.

Each of units 1010 and 1012 includes a vertical support 1102 having an adjustable base connector 1110 to couple vertical support 1102 to treadmill frame F, a riser portion 1130 coupled to and extending upward from the base connector 1110, and an adjustable upper connector 1132 to couple the vertical support 1102 to the treadmill upper portion U; a rotational coupling connector 1148 connecting a rotational coupling 1150 to the riser portion 1130; a rotational coupling 1150 mounted to the rotational coupling connector 1148 such that the rotational axis 1152 of the rotational coupling 1150 is approximately horizontal; a resistance element anchor 1180 coupled to the riser portion 1130; an elongated resistance arm 1154 having opposing first and second ends 1156 and 1158, respectively, the resistance arm 1154 coupled to the rotational coupling 1150 at a fulcrum point 1152 between the resistance arm first and second ends 1156, 1158; a first resistance element connector 1160 movably coupled to the resistance arm 1154 between the rotational coupling 1150 connection and the first end 1156 of the resistance arm 1154 and including a resistance element connector locking mechanism 1162 to lock the first resistance element connector 1160 at user selectable positions along the resistance arm 1154; one or more resistance elements 1174, 1184 and 1186, connectable between the resistance element anchor 1180 and the first resistance element connector 1160; an adjustable handle 1216; and, an articulation joint 1206 coupling the handle 1216 to the resistance arm first end 1156 at a plurality of user selected angles.

In the embodiment, rotational coupling connector 1148 includes a hinge connector 1266 mounted to riser portion 1130, with hinge connector 1266 selectively lockable in a deployed position, as shown in FIG. 7, and a stowed position, as shown in FIG. 9, using hinge safety pin 1268. Hinge connector 1266 includes a u-shaped mounting bracket 1270 with mounting holes 1272 to align with riser portion index holes 1236 and receive threaded compression members 1274, to firmly couple hinge connector 1266 to riser portion 1130 at a selected height. Upper and lower hinge plates 1276 and 1278, respectively, extend from mounting bracket spine 1280 to retain hinge post 1288 between them, which receives internal hinge axle 1282 there through, with hinge axle 1282 secured at first and second ends 1284 and 1286 by the respective hinge plates, 1276, 1278, leaving hinge post 1288 free to rotate about hinge axle 1282. Hinge arm 1290 is rigidly coupled to and extends out from hinge channel 1288 to receive rotational coupling 1150 at its distal end 1292. Hinge post 1288 is a hollow tube with opposing first and second ends 1294 and 1296, respectively, and a locking pin receiving hole 1298 extending transversely through at approximately its midpoint. Hinge post 1288 includes a top flange 1300 rigidly connected to first end 1294, proximal to upper hinge plate 1276, and including hinge index holes 1302 to receive spring loaded hinge index pin 1304 there in. Hinge axle 1282 is secured at its ends 1284 and 1286 to prevent rotation, and includes hinge locking pin receiving hole 1306 transversely through its midsection so that it is aligned with receiving hole 1298 when unit 1002 is fully deployed for use, as shown in FIG. 7, and when unit 1002 is rotated 180 degrees around hinge axle 1282 to the fully stowed position, as shown in FIG. 9. An operator may disengage hinge locking pin 1304, pull up spring loaded hinge index pin 1304 to clear hinge index holes 1302, rotate unit 1002 to a desired position, and then reengage index pin 1304 into the selected hinge index hole 1302.

In the embodiment, resistance element anchor 1180 projects from hinge post 1288 so that the height of anchor 1180 adjusts with the rotational coupling connector 1150 to remain constant, and resistance elements 1174, 1184 and 1186 rotate with resistance arm 1154.

Base connector 1110 includes opposing first and second base plates 1112 and 1114 engage a part of frame F tightening threaded compression members 1116. Base connector sleeve portion 1126 extends upward from second base plate 1114 to receive riser portion lower end 1108. Threaded compression members 1120 and 1122 insert through riser portion receiving holes 1236 within slot 1124 to permit adjustment of the height of riser portion 1130.

In the embodiment, adjustable upper connector 1132 includes a clamp portion 1134 to clamp against a part of the treadmill upper portion U. Clamp portion 1134 includes first and second opposing L-shaped clamp members 1136 and 1138, which are nested so that member 1136 slides within member 1138 when compression member 1140 is tightened, and retained in alignment by threaded fasteners 1144 extending through adjustment slot 1142. Clamp portion 1134 includes a plurality of gripping protrusions 1330 disposed on at least a portion of the contact area between the clamp 1134 and the treadmill upper portion U.

In the embodiment, upper connector 1132 includes an articulation joint 1310 to accommodate a wider range of angular adjustments. Articulation joint 1310 includes an index plate 1312 rigidly coupled proximal to riser upper end 1234. Index plate 1312 includes a center receiving hole 1314 to receive retaining bolt 1320 and a plurality of index holes 1316 distributed around center receiving hole 1314 at selected angular offsets. Coupling member 1328 couples at a first end 1318 to index plate 1312 by retaining bolt 1320 and at a second end 1322 to clamp portion 1134 by threaded fasteners 1144 through adjustment slot 1142, which allows extension or retraction. Coupling member 1328 includes an index hole 1324 to align with index holes 1316 and receive index locking pin 1326.

In the embodiment, a second resistance element connector movably coupled to the resistance arm between the rotational coupling and the second end of the resistance arm and including a locking portion to lock the second resistance element connector at user selectable positions along the resistance arm; and, one or more resistance elements connectable between the resistance element anchor and the second resistance element connector.

In the embodiment, first resistance element connector 1160 is a short sleeve fitting slidably over resistance arm 1154, with a threaded locking bolt 1162 engagable with index holes along at least a portion of the length of resistance arm 1154. Moving the resistance element connection point linearly along resistance arm 1154 varies the resistance experienced by the user by changing the moment arm imposed by the resistance elements created by the distance between the connection point on connector 1160 and fulcrum point 1152. The moment arm imposed by the user remains essentially constant if the user grips handle 1216 at the same location.

A second resistance element connector 1202 is coupled to resistance arm 1154 between rotational coupling 1150 and second end 1158 of the resistance arm 1154, and essentially identical in operation to first resistance element connector 1160, including threaded locking bolt 1204 to engage index holes along resistance arm 1154. One or more resistance elements 1174, 1184 and 1186 are connectable between resistance element anchor 1180 and the second resistance element connector 1202.

In the embodiment, first and second resistance element connectors 1160 and 1202 include opposing first and second resistance element connection points 1164, 1168 and 1188, 1192, respectively, disposed on left and right sides of resistance arm 1154. In the embodiment connection points 1164, 1168, 1188 and 1192 are projections, with finger clamps 1166, 1170, and 1190, 1194, respectively, preventing resistance elements from slipping off. Providing connection points on opposing sides of arm 1154 reduces twisting torque on arm 1154, handle 1216, and rotational coupling 1150.

In the embodiment, adjustable handle 1216 is coupled to resistance arm 154 by articulation joint 1206. Handle 1216 includes a first part 1218 coupled to articulated joint 1206 and a second part 1220 including an offset grip portion 1222. Handle second part 1220 slidably and rotatably connects to handle first part 1218 along an interface region 1224, the interface region being the region in which the handle parts overlap or intersect each other. Handle locking mechanism 1226 allows a user to selectively lock handle second portion 1220 at a selected fixed position relative to the handle first part 1218. In the embodiment handle locking mechanism 1226 includes an locking pin 1228 insertable through index holes 1230 in handle first part 1218 and second part 1220 within interface region 1224.

The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a power actuated resistance adjustment mechanism coupled to the resistance arm and the first resistance element connector to move the first resistance element connector to user selectable positions along the resistance arm; and, a power actuated resistance element connector locking mechanism.

Referring to FIG. 14, a third embodiment 2000 is shown having power actuated resistance adjustment mechanisms 2402 and 2404 mounted at resistance arm 2154 first and second ends 2156 and 2158, respectively, to adjust resistance. The third embodiment is generally similar to the second embodiment, having a riser 2130, upper connection 2132, first and second movable resistance element connectors 2160 and 2202 on resistance arm 2154, with resistance arm 2154 connected at a fulcrum point to hinged connector 2266 by rotational coupler 2150. Hinge connector 2266 couples to riser portion 2130 by hinge bracket 2270, and hinge indexing pin 2304 locks hinge connector 2266 at user selected angles. Resistance elements 2174 and 2186 couple between movable connectors 2160 and 2202 and resistance element anchor 2180 projecting from hinge post 2288 to rotate therewith. A handle (not shown) couples to resistance arm 2154 by articulated joint 2106. Power and control are provided by controller 2406 through flexible cable 2408 to air compressor 2410. Air compressor 2410 supplies pressurized air to first and second bi-directional pistons 2416 and 2422 by flexible tubing 2412, 2414 and 2418, 2420, respectively. Pistons 2416 and 2420 are mounted rigidly to resistance arm 2154. First piston 2416 couples to first resistance connector 2160 by first piston rod 2424 via universal joint 2426. Second piston 2422 couples to second resistance connector 2202 by second piston rod 2428 via universal joint 2430. Air compressor 2410 includes built in solenoid valves in fluid communication with each of the opposing piston sides in first and second pistons 2416 and 2422 to provide a controlled locking mechanism. Alternatively, the pistons and associated couplings could be replaced by electromagnetically actuated linear motors, or by electrically powered lead screws, either of which could provide powered adjustment capability to move resistance element connectors 2160 and 2202 along resistance arm 2154 to a user-selected resistance level. Controller 2406 may be integrated into a treadmill controller, or could be installed separately onto a treadmill at a convenient location.

Those skilled in the art will recognize that numerous modifications and changes may be made to the preferred embodiment without departing from the scope of the claimed invention. It will, of course, be understood that modifications of the invention, in its various aspects, will be apparent to those skilled in the art, some being apparent only after study, others being matters of routine mechanical, chemical and electronic design. No single feature, function or property of the preferred embodiment is essential. Other embodiments are possible, their specific designs depending upon the particular application. As such, the scope of the invention should not be limited by the particular embodiments herein described but should be defined only by the appended claims and equivalents thereof. 

1. A resistance training apparatus for a treadmill having a frame, an upper portion, a forward end and an aft end, said apparatus comprising left side and right side units, each of said units comprising: a vertical support having an adjustable base connector to couple said vertical support to said treadmill frame, a riser portion coupled to and extending upward from said base connector, and an adjustable upper connector to couple said vertical support to said treadmill upper portion; a rotational coupling connector connecting a rotational coupling to said riser portion; a rotational coupling mounted to said rotational coupling connector such that the rotational axis of said rotational coupling is approximately horizontal; a resistance element anchor coupled to said riser portion; an elongated resistance arm having opposing first and second ends, said resistance arm coupled to said rotational coupling at a fulcrum point between said resistance arm first and second ends; a first resistance element connector movably coupled to said resistance arm between said rotational coupling and said first end of said resistance arm and including a resistance element connector locking mechanism to lock said first resistance element connector at user selectable positions along said resistance arm; one or more resistance elements connectable between said resistance element anchor and said first resistance element connector; an adjustable handle; and, an articulation joint coupling said handle to said resistance arm first end at a plurality of user selected angles.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said rotational coupling connector comprises a hinge connector mounted to said riser portion with an approximately vertical rotation axis, said hinge connector selectively lockable in at least a deployed position.
 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said hinge connector is lockable in a plurality of user selected rotated positions.
 4. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising wherein the height of said rotational coupling connector along said riser portion is user adjustable.
 5. The apparatus of claim 4, further comprising: wherein said rotational coupling connector includes said resistance element anchor coupled to said riser portion, and the height of said anchor adjusts with said rotational coupling connector.
 6. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: wherein said adjustable base connector includes a portion disposed between said treadmill frame and the ground so as to receive at least some of the weight of said treadmill.
 7. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: wherein said riser portion is coupled to said adjustable base connector at an adjustable height.
 8. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, further comprising: wherein said riser portion is coupled to said adjustable base connector at an adjustable angle.
 9. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: wherein said adjustable upper connector comprises a clamp portion to clamp against a part of said treadmill upper portion, an articulation joint coupled to said riser portion, and a length adjustable clamp coupler to couple said clamp portion to said articulation joint at a selectable angle.
 10. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising: wherein said clamp includes a plurality of gripping protrusions disposed on at least a portion of the contact area between said clamp and said treadmill upper portion.
 11. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a second resistance element connector movably coupled to said resistance arm between said rotational coupling and said second end of said resistance arm and including a locking portion to lock said second resistance element connector at user selectable positions along said resistance arm; and, one or more resistance elements connectable between said resistance element anchor and said second resistance element connector.
 12. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, further comprising a resistance arm stop.
 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein said resistance arm stop comprises a flexible coupling having opposing first and second ends, said flexible coupling connectable at a first end to a location on said riser portion and at a second end to a location on said resistance arm between said fulcrum point and said resistance arm second end.
 14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said handle comprises: a first part coupled to said articulated joint, a second part including an offset grip portion, said handle second part slidably and rotatably connectable to said handle first part along an interface region, and a handle locking mechanism to selectively lock said handle second portion at a selected fixed or selected dynamic position relative to said handle first part.
 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein said handle locking mechanism comprises: a spring loaded pin on either said first or second handle part, said pin located within said interface region; and, an alternating pattern of close fitting apertures and transverse slotted apertures disposed along the length and circumference of the other of said first or second handle part within said interface region to receive said pin; wherein, when said pin is received in a selected close fitting aperture the handle first and second parts are locked relative to each other, and when said pin is received in a selected transverse slotted aperture said handle first and second parts are prevented from sliding longitudinally relative to each other but have limited coaxial rotational movement relative to each other.
 16. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a power actuated resistance adjustment mechanism coupled to said resistance arm and said first resistance element connector to move said first resistance element connector to user selectable positions along said resistance arm; and, a power actuated resistance element connector locking mechanism.
 17. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising: a second resistance element connector movably coupled to said resistance arm between said rotational coupling and said second end of said resistance arm; one or more resistance elements connectable between said resistance element anchor and said second resistance element connector. a second power actuated resistance adjustment mechanism coupled to said resistance arm and said second resistance element connector to move said resistance element connector to user selectable positions along said resistance arm; and, a power actuated second resistance element connector locking mechanism to lock said second resistance element connector at user selectable positions along said resistance arm.
 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein each said power actuated resistance adjustment mechanism comprises an electro-pneumatically actuated cylinder.
 19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein each said power actuated resistance adjustment mechanism comprises an electromagnetic linear motor.
 20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein each said power actuated resistance adjustment mechanism comprises an electrically powered lead screw drive assembly.
 21. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, further comprising: wherein said a first resistance element connector further includes opposing first and second resistance element connection points disposed on left and right sides of said resistance arm, respectively, each of said connection points to receive a resistance element; and, one or more resistance elements connectable between said resistance element anchor and each of said first resistance element connector first and second opposing connection points.
 22. The apparatus of claim 21, further comprising: a second resistance element connector movably coupled to said resistance arm between said rotational coupling and said second end of said resistance arm, said second resistance connector including opposing first and second resistance element connection points disposed on left and right sides of said resistance arm, respectively, each of said connection points to receive a resistance element, and further including a locking portion to lock said second resistance element connector at user selectable positions along said resistance arm; and, one or more resistance elements connectable between said resistance element anchor and each of said second resistance element connector first and second opposing connection points.
 23. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a treadmill, wherein each of said left side unit and right unit is coupled to a corresponding side of said treadmill.
 24. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein each said power actuated resistance adjustment mechanism comprises an electro-pneumatically actuated cylinder.
 25. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein each said power actuated resistance adjustment mechanism comprises an electromagnetic linear motor.
 26. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein each said power actuated resistance adjustment mechanism comprises an electrically powered lead screw drive assembly.
 27. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising: a treadmill, wherein each of said left side unit and right unit is coupled to a corresponding side of said treadmill.
 28. The apparatus of claim 17, further comprising: a treadmill, wherein each of said left side unit and right unit is coupled to a corresponding side of said treadmill. 